General Information
Status in Florida: Native (limited to northern Florida)
Native Habitat: Moist woodlands, streambanks, thickets
Native States: FL (Panhandle), GA, AL, MS, SC, NC, TN, LA, AR, TX, and others across the Southeast and Midwest
Growing Zones: 3–9
Size at Maturity: 2–3 feet tall, 2–3 feet wide
Phenology: Winter dormant
Life Cycle: Perennial
Growth Rate: Moderate
Growth Habit: Upright, clumping, herbaceous
Bloom Season: Spring (late March to May)
Bloom Color: Pale blue
Growth Conditions
Sunlight Requirements: Full-Part
Soil Texture: Loam, sand, well-drained
Soil pH: Slightly acidic to neutral
Moisture Requirements: Average, moist
Tolerance to Salt Spray: Low/None
Keystone Plant: No
Landscape Considerations
Recommended Landscape Uses: Borders, native flower beds, pollinator gardens, woodland edges
Maintenance Tips: Cut back after flowering to promote bushier growth; foliage turns golden in fall
Considerations: Needs consistent moisture in hot climates; avoid heavy clay or soggy sites
Hurricane Wind Resistant: Yes
Erosion Control: Yes
Nitrogen Fixing: No
Other Information
Edible: No
Pet Safe: Yes
Deer and Rabbit Resistance: Yes
Historical Medicinal Uses: Limited use historically; not commonly used in herbal medicine
Florida Native Companion Plant: Columbine, Woodland Phlox, Golden Alexander, River Oats
Wildlife Benefit: Butterflies, bees, pollinators
Caterpillar Host Plant: No