Status in Florida: Native
Native Habitat: Open woodlands, savannas, meadows, stream banks. Prefers moist, well-drained soils.
Native State, Country: Eastern and central North America
Growing Zones: 4 - 8
Size at Maturity: 1 - 2 feet tall, spreading to form clumps
Phenology: Herbaceous perennial
Life Cycle: Perennial
Growth Rate: Moderate
Growth Habit: Clumping, upright
Bloom Season: Spring (April - June)
Sunlight Requirements: Part shade to full sun
Soil Texture: Adaptable, prefers well-drained loam, but tolerates a range of soil types.
Soil pH: Slightly acidic to neutral
Moisture Requirements: Average to moist
Tolerance to Salt Spray: Low/None
Keystone Plant: No, but supports pollinators.
Recommended Landscape Uses: Wildflower gardens, woodland gardens, meadows, borders, native plant gardens, pollinator gardens.
Maintenance Tips: Deadhead spent flowers to prolong blooming. Divide clumps every few years to maintain vigor.
Considerations: Attracts a variety of pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects. The flowers resemble small asters.
Hurricane Wind Resistant: No
Erosion Control: Yes, can help stabilize soil.
Nitrogen Fixing: No
Edible: No
Pet Safe: Generally considered non-toxic to pets.
Deer and Rabbit Resistance: Moderate
Historical Medicinal Uses: Used by Native Americans for various medicinal purposes, including treating wounds and skin irritations.
Florida Native Companion Plant:  Tiarella cordifolia (Foamflower),  Aquilegia canadensis (Wild Columbine)
Wildlife Benefit: Provides nectar for pollinators and seeds for birds.
Caterpillar Host Plant: Yes, for several moth species, including the Lynx Flower Moth.
Propagation: Seed, division
Length of time Seed is Viable: 1-2 years
Best month to Start Seeds: Spring or fall
Seed treatments: No special treatment needed.